7 de Diciembre de 2017
- Autor: Ventalon, Geoffrey Robert.
- Titulo: “La Compréhension De La Métaphore Dans Les Images”.
- Departamento: Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos.
- Teseo: https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=1703082
- Directores: María José Escalona Cuaresma (Director) y Charles Tijus (Director).
- Sinopsis:
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which the meaning of one term is transferred to another term. For example, the sentence “Axel is a fox” is a metaphor expressing that a man is smart. However, metaphors can be introduced not only in text, but in pictures as well. For example, the image of a man with the body of a fox can refer to the sentence “this man is a fox.” According to Forceville (2007,2009), a pictorial metaphor can be characterized according to its type (contextual metaphor, hybrid metaphor, simile, and integrated metaphor), its structure (monomodal and multimodal metaphor) and its use (in commercials, social campaigns, political cartoons, or art). The aim of this work is to create a knowledge base of the characteristics of pictorial metaphors (topics, vehicles). Five experimental studies examined the understanding of monomodal pictorial hybrid metaphors by focusing on the property attribution process in several situations concerning the effect of the native language (French versus Spanish), context, age, and use of the metaphor.
The results of the first three experiments show that native French speaking participants attribute more conceptual properties than perceptual properties and succeed in determining the incongruence of a property while native Spanish speaking participants attribute more perceptual than conceptual properties and take the context into account when assigning properties. Moreover, they also succeed in detecting the incongruence of a pictorial metaphor’s property. Since the experimental material was created by native French participants, these results make it possible to highlight the cultural effect. The last two experiments concern the influence of the domain. Advertising and political caricatures on positive and negative valence show that advertising metaphors are judged more positively than political cartoons. The discussion section illustrates perspectives of research employed in current studies focused on pictorial metaphor comprehension and the use of specific tools (e.g., the eye tracker). The understanding of pictorial metaphors could be applied to others field of expertise in psychology (e.g., Neuropsychology), other people (e.g., children), and different cultures (e.g., Korean, Russian).